Why lose digital link?

Where are we losing the link? It is at the screen! Computer screen.

All that is processed and stored in computers is in digital form. Every computer basically does same thing. Viz., convert any information into bit by bit and manipulate it as per instructions or store it.

Imagine a case: Suppose, you want to print "xyz" on a screen. x, y, z each character is represented by a bit in memory. But, when you show it, the video adapter should transform this single bit with the formatting information, to a bit map for required number of pixels. So, this is what is loss of digitality, also it becomes complex and heavy in terms of memory consumption. Suppose, user wants to select only x and y from this "xyz", and paste it on to screen on some other PC, is it possible(hete, I am jsut extrapolating user needs into the future)?

If we design a device which can read say, "xy" from "xyz" displayed on the screen, the device has to scan the image imprinted in the screen and using some algorithm, it should interpret it as "xy". That means the reader device has to be made smarter. Why not making the screen smarter if it is easier? With each character, let us insert the ASCII value (of the character) inside one of the pixels directly, you can make it more readable. This is easier than image processing because, the ASCII value of the character being displayed is readily available in the memory.

But, a standard has to be developed for that. Decision on which pixel repsresents ASCII value of the character, has to be taken.

If this feature is inducted, it will help all data transfers which need user interactions. This might sound peculiar at first time. But, I think if such a technology is developed, some of the latent requirements of customers will be satisfied.

Civilization

We all are brought up in a civilized way. Now it is long time back that, our human race began to live in a civilized manner. A civilized society is deviation from actual natural way of life. A natuaral way fo living is where the motives of human behaviour is purely nature driven.

In fact there is always a natual way for any human being. We say "he is silent. it is his nature". Here by nature, we could actually mean, the nature that is around us. There are qualities which tend to exhibit itself in a human being without any effort. That is nature. A natural way is not enforcement. A natural behaviour is a free flow. Being natural is the true freedom, where you dont force yourself to particular way of life.

Somehow, human race found a necessity of getting civilized. Decided that we need a way of life which is superior to natural way of life. So, gradually the food habit, shelter, daily life etc., started changing. The growth of civilization was not particularly concerned with nature. It was all about, extracting natural resources in as many ways as possible. Until recently, our society never gave birth to environmentalists.

A really logical thing to dicuss would be, what should be the final motto of civilization. What a civil society should be benefiting by being civilized than being purely natural being? What is the gain of nature in enabling men get civilized and leaving rest of creatures as it is. Many times I feel that, it is so natural for man to get civilized. Blessed with so much of intellect, human race ought to be something different from what the other animals would be. But what difference would have been the nature expecting from man when it gave extra power?

Intelect: was it the manifestation of nature to know itself? If human race evolves, isn't it the evolution of nature? When, man is part of nature, how can it be that, his creations are unnnatural, while he possesses all these powers as a gift from nature.

May be all these natural imbalance are indication that, human race, is not in a way to get what exactly it wants. Or more appropriately, present population is full of confusion as to what exactly it wants. Leave about the human race, no one is confident about what should be the final motto of life. There are so many unanswered questions in day to day life of every human.

Lets try to construct like this: How an ordinary man means to the whole human race? We dont know, the one who has created pot for the first time in the world. We never know the one, who tasted boiled wild animal for the first time. Human race has silently grown for thousands of years. But most of the useful gifts to our world is from anonymous people. Today you find a new trick, a simple one and adapt it, gradually whole human kind will enjoy its usefulness. The whole culture is built up with small acts followed in reasonably simple situations.

What might have been the motive of artificial way that humans started to live in. Why does an animal become a man after a long evolution and a man become a civilized creature(back to creature again!). The motive might be to get rid of all those dangerous creatures that live with him in his natural habitat. What might be the reason, the human started cooking. A change of taste. The original purposes of starting a habit usually is forgot. That is why we call it a habit.

How an lifetime goal of an ordinary man's life is related to the fate of whole human race? Is it the ordinary man's attitude that we need to change, to make turn our civilization process in right direction? What are the answers we need to get before we become confident that we are in right direction? Let us rethink all again. Because, these questions are the questions of the race not an individual. First thing everyone can do is understanding his/her own wants and living for it. Because otherwise, one would neither get happyness nor his efforts would be useful to anyone else. Happyness is the key for healthy thinking. Healthy thinking can give rise to right moves in life.

Computers

There was an immense growth in this field: computation. Computers, thier design, composition, logical units etc. generate immense curiosity as to find how it has been constructed. In this post I would like to put my view of present generation of computer. If you find my assumptions to be wrong, please feel free to comment.

To start with, I will take up the basic operation of a computer. Whatever operations we do in a computer, at the grassroot level, will be processed in terms of 0's and 1's. That is binary. How exactly is this process done? The instructions in the form of existance and non-existance of electric signals (representing 1's and 0's), are sent to transisters. The transisters have ability to give out or not to give out outputs according to each combination of inputs that are given. These transisters form the gates, which will actually process the input. This in totality constitutes a processor. The computers, are GIGO(Garbage In Garbage Out) machines. That is whatever is input into a computer, the output will be according to the quality of input given. Actually, there is a process invloved in between input and output. So, computers are actually, Garbage In Processed Garbage Out) machines!

After all what a computer should do? The purpose is to employ it for carrying out any work which can be made understandable to it. Any process in our day to day life, the flow 0f which can be defined with a combination of rules and logical decisions, can be put into a box. The flow will be predefined for a set of parameters that are input. The collective flow of process within computer is called program. There are programs which are written in 0's and 1's which are directly read by the processor and the code gets executed, these are said to be written in machine level languages. There are other languages, which have to be compiled to produce code, so as to make the processor execute it.

The processor can access to the data and instructions in RAM(Random access memory) very fast. Where as if one is going to read from any physical locations (as on the discs), the access is slow. So, when any program running on a computer, the program related code and data gets loaded onto RAM. This eases the access of bit data to be loaded into the registers which are the input to the processor.

Each program when run, is allocated with the address space at the beginning before it is loaded onto memory that is RAM. The addresses of the location of each elemental data can be accessed through pointers. A code to be executed actually contains a sequence of pointers to instructions, which are to be executed one after the other. Even several modern programming languages allow programers use pointer, which has been a useful feature. These pointer variables hold thier own space in the memory(with thier own addresss). Only speciality about a pointer is its content. Its content will be the address of another location. The location, it is pointing to, can hold any type of data. Many programming languages allow specification of the content to be defined at the time of pointer declaration.

The present programming languages allow generation of a sequential set of instructions on compilation which can be executed. The compiled program in 0's and 1's are loaded into the memory, at the time of excecution of the program. This executable code can be derived from code actually written by the programmer in a language he knows, using compilers. Compilers recognize the sintax of instructions written by the programmer, and converts into instructions oparable by "a" processor. There are recent languages developed which will convert the code into an intermediate format initially. later in each machine, the intpreter will convert into a code that is understandable by the specific machine. Many times the whole job of compilation is devided into work of a compiler and interpreter. The interpreter, can understand and execute a program in pieces, though whole code in not available with it.

There are Operating systems(OS). Operating Systems are mediators between process that has to be actullay carried out and the instructions that are sent from external sources to computer. Whenever a computer gets booted, OS gets loaded onto memory(RAM). This memory cannot be accessed by any program that runs later. OS is coded to recognise devices attached to computer, like, key boards, mouse, printers etc. It is programmed to send signals to these devices also. OS also controls the programs that get loaded onto processors. It decides which process thread has to be executed for what amout of time according to their priority. It also manages the signals sent to the display unit.

Using the programming languages many kinds of tools have been developed so far. One of them is, database management system. These systems hold data in a systematic way. They can be accessed through particular queries, updated using a particular statements. The transactions are done over a user interface. Algorithms are written, so as to minimize access time and effort during data retrieval. One data within database is related with at least another, so that it can be easily accessed, through these links. Suppose, there are two tables T1 and T2 in database. In another system generated table T3, these tablenames and thier physical locations are stored, so that, when user queries from particular table T1, first T3 is queried to find the table location of T1, and the contents of T1 can subsequently be loaded onto memory for searching rows that match the query criteria. So, for firing queries loading of whole database onto memory is avoided.

Then there is networking. main purpose of networking is sharing data. The data between computers flow in cables in the form of signals. The signals that flow are understood on the reciever side of network using network protocols. These protocols are programs written to sense the signals that are recieved and convert them into useful data. At the transmitter end, these protocols convert useful data into to signals and transmit them with a destination. the destination is a particular port on a particular host. A port represents the process that can access the data recieved.

It is very useful to project the future in this computational field. The application of computation as it is will increase considarably. The information a computer can store is immense and retrieval of information is easy. As a basic technology it may not develop much. At the time when transisters were developed first, they were considered for building logical computaional elements. As, the transisters became smaller and smaller, computers were developed with considerable portability, so that it was used for many applications. The architectural and computaional design, that exists presently in a computer is based on this fact. We are not able to find any other way of constructing logical gates, unless we use transisters. Of, course, there have been attempts to create these elements using neurosystems, nanotechnology etc.,

After, all that is made easy by the computer for us, now, gradually the technology is moving towards networking for ease of communication and entertainment sharing. Heard that this is the era of ICE(Information, Communication and Entertainment). But, what will gradually our generaions turn into, will really matter, when projecting the future of computation. As, future interest of human race most probably will shift into space exploration, eternity craze, pollution awareness and may be spiritualism. There will be growth towards achieving smaller and faster computers, which offcourse is advance in hardware and software respetively. The advancement will also be in achieving computation through other technologies. There will be advancement in computation in building artificial intelligence and super computing.

But, I really feel there is a some serious backdrop in how the present computing technology is. Some evolved computing technology that is still to be discovered. Some possibility which is still not explored. Hope, it to be done early, in he future, and he whole mankind gets benifit out of it.

Life

The life is the capability to act and behave, by a body.

The starting point, to think of life may be study of life started on earth. It is believed that, the first live creature was created in sea. Many molecules in oceon, were accidentally come together under lightening. etc, and the first micro organism was created. This organism can perform basic characteristic of life. It was unicellular (having one cell. Cell is the basic functioning unit of life, which has growth and reproducability.) The molecules which constitute a cell have a tendancy to be together, perform spontaneous action-reactions, which cause different stages, in its life time. A siezure of life is stopping of these action-reactions. The spontaneous chain of actions performed by an object, makes it grow, reproduce and then it attains a stage where, growth stops. later, at some other point of time, the functionaing itself stops. This constitutes a life cycle.
The reproduction results in offspring, which has a similar life cycle. This continuation is a characteristic of life, there is a way in which every species has got mechanism to continue its existance across the generations. The similarity of life cycle is another characteristic of life. The lifecycle of the organism will be similar in all generations. One important characteristics of life is perseverance for existance. Any danger to its existance is resisted by life furiously. A stone would resist when somebody tried to break it by its mere material strength. A live organism, can perform many variery of actions, when there is a danger.

Upto now, with whatever exploration that has been done by human race, they have not yet found any other planet where life can exist. That means, not all situations give rise to life. Particular conditions can only give rise to existance of life. But, there may be another possibility. There may be life in our explored part of universe, where life exists, still, with present ability of ours we are not able to find it. Or, that which doesnt fit into our definition of life.

What I finally feel is life is a manifestation of energy. A way in which energy shows its presence. But, this way of expressing itself, is of special kind, where there is a practice and characteristic associated with material.

There might be a singular thing with each life. The lifespan sensed by each of creature may be same. Consider, a butterfly which hardly lives for a day and an elephant which live for years. A butterfly will experience birth, growth and death in a small span of time. But, an elepant take years to pass through those stages. It may be vaguely concluded that, the amount of life span felt by each type of live creature will be same. A minute of butterfly life is equivalent to a year of human life.

Science and humanity

Dear readers, today, I would like to explain about the scientific inventions.


Basically, science has been an account of deductions based on something that has been observed. Regorous scientific researches had been used to conceptualize theories of what is not seen. And these concepts have been undergoing changes and being debated widely. Just take an example of concepts about light. Light was thought to be of wave form first, later it was supposed to be composed of descrete particles. They are argued to be of cirtain form, based on observations and deductions of different scientists. Presently, there are electronic devices which are built based on the theory of light, being wave. Also there are other electronic devices, which are based on light, taken to be collection of particles. So, it proves light being both wave as well as collection of particles? No, both the theories must be wrong. There must be some form, which is not yet completely understood, which exhibits characteristics of both wave and particles. What we know presently is a partial truth about light.


Great scientists have taken much pain to discover the basic truth of universe and about us. But they have known everything partially. Our scientists today still say that they are very close to the truth. But, looking at the uncirtainity about each of the theories of science, I feel, knowing truth through science seems to be a never ending process. Because, science always asks for reasons behind the truth. Truth by itself is not its destination. But, there have been great ease of life brought to us through scientific discoveries. We have been using science to enable ourelves to do more daily work.

Our culture has been affected by science. An advance in science is gradually transformed into a percieved advantage in day to day life through technology. And the technology gradually is affecting our way of life. Naturally, the new ways of life, are not easily understandable. We say sceince and technology has brought changes in our lives. Yes, they have been bringing considerable changes in our day to day life.

Are our values of life being affected. We have been valueing many qualitites of ours. Are they being affected by all these technological advances? I dont think so. But, one thing which is obvious is that, the manifestation of voilation of these values has become more distructive and effective. But, finally we need to trust. May be humanity is the one which will be a value for ever. But what exactly composes humanity? Humanity is respect for life. The world will shelter any form of life, with respect, without posing any condition. Having life is the only condition to get freedom to live. This is humanity. If all of us are enough broadminded and are able to show humanity, may be that should be the final motto of life in totality, that is the goal of civilization also.

Here we need to note one thing, science actually is not spoiling humanity. It is its usage that is done for both constuctive and distructive purposes. It is natural for any newly invented thing to be used both the ways. Any man is just like a kid, whenever new things come on way, he wants to experiment.

One obvious thing is any deviation from natural living cannot be as comfort giving as any other way fo leading life. A natural life is obviously ideal, since the ruler is still the nature, which has a power to balance, without descrimination to any species or region. Once man has taken the power, either it is his responsibility to maintain that balance. If he doesn't maintain, nature again plays a role to maintain it, but this process can be more destructive in effect, the amount of destruction depends on the amount of imbalance created by human race.

Knowing the limits of science by now, as we have limited access to observables (example, we can create some theories about atoms molecules, prove them by matching thier predictions and actual observations, but actually we have never proved thier existance. We actually prove predictions of theories not theories themselves. We then lead our way to thoeries through cause effect logic, which is prone to errors.), we are not in a position to access the rule or whatever, which governs the whole universe. The by products of great scientific discoveries have increased our potential to sustain as well as destroy ourselves. It would not be a wise decision to go for science if there is another option (for getting answers to questions about this universe and ourselves).

what do we want?

Dear readers, today I would like to comment on how our desires get misinterpreted by ourselves many times.

The excellence in any field comes from dedicated effort, as we know. How somebody gets this dedication? Dedication comes when someone is clear about what he/she wants and give enough priority to what exactly they want. One who is clear about what he/she wants, it is possible to put pin pointed effort, as to achieve wanted things. There is only success in life always, if following concept is understood clearly.

What exactly we want, is most of the times wrongly manifested by ourselves. Our perception of what we want, is so obscure, many a times. We never realize, what actually we want to be in life. Or we build psuedo(falsehoods)'s around what we want and proceed in the direction of psuedo's. Result is, we finally end up getting we dont want. In fact, this also has an intricate explaination. When someone says he/she didnot get what he/she wanted, if you examine closely, they didn't want to get succeeded in thier missions. They actually wanted to repent after, not getting "so called" wanted things. Why this happens? You may really wonder, why somebody would like to fail? There are hidden reasons. They didn't want to succeed because, in a remote corner of thier mind, they feel they are not worth it, or thier intention basically is to hear somebody praising them, as a looser but still abler than winners. Many people dont want to succeed because, they have fear that, after success, they would no longer be themselves as they are now. In those cases, they actually want to maintain an identity than getting success. So many. Mind is too smart and excellent in creating pranks for life.

Let me give an example. One of my friends wanted to become a great cricket player. He, practiced hard, and got into good teams around our locality. Got good name in cricket. It went upto some years. In those years he got good recognition as a player. Later his interest suddenly started fading. He would not go to practices. His performance got worse, if he was given out, many times he would get angry etc. Gradually he, was thrown out of good teams, for whom he was playing in past years. But, why this happened nobody knew. I had been a silent spectator for his ups and downs and some day had a discussion on what he actually wanted, and finally it turned out that, actually he wanted to get recognized. As he got recognized, his actual want of being recognized has been already satisfied. Otherwise, basically, he is not interested in cricket. So, this is how a pseudo builds up so much that, one forgets his/her actual wants.

So, final question is, should we repent? I really wonder when somebody complains that he/she didnot get what he/she wanted. Or rather, usually I start interrogating what exactly he/she wanted, and why he/she is pretending to be not getting the ones they wanted. This is a common problem, and may be if, this problem doesnot exist, life also may sieze to exist.

Finally, what I want to convey is that, we never need to worry about, what we are now. We actually wanted to exist like this due to some reasons and desires at some remote corner of our self. Thats why every one of us is here like this. Only thing we need to concentrate on, is, to be truthful to ourselves, and head towards what exactly we want, so that life becomes much simpler. And the other is, we can be useful to make others realize how happy and lucky they are and they have been.

Let me answer some of them

As promised, I am back on this topic, dear readers.

One category is yet to be put into unknown and unseen.

THE MICRO:

We see materials around us. What are they composed of. The minuteness of the elements, it is composed of, canot be seen. What is there in each form of each matter? Everything is supposed to contain basically one or several of 107 discovered elements. Are these the only elements in the whole universe? How the variation of property comes from in each material? What are atoms of these molecules composed of?

Another basic question appears, how is life formed out of these micros? How only some materials behave to be live? What is life? Is the life just an effort of atoms or molecules to exist cohesively?

Ok, enough with the questions, I feel. Let me try to answer atleast soem of these questions.

UNIVERSE:

I will try to put my knowledge of universe. In present concepts stars, planets, moons, activities and life of these objects have been predicted. One of the moons of Saturn was assumed to have life. Pluto is predicted to be a planet; later argument went on to say it is not. There had been much debate on what is the position of Sun in Milky Way. There has been discussion on how sun moves in Milky Way. There have been many elaborations on how black holes get formed and how they suck, all which it around it. There have been proofs and disproofs for the scientific base on which their functioning is elaborated. Nova and supernova have been explained, as to how they happen. In which stage they happen, and what is the condition for supernova to happen in the life of star. If I start writing answers to these questions it will be very long and I would be doing nothing more than copying from other sources.

But, finally, where these entire R&D will end, how definitive will we be after finding so many things? If we are not definitive after these entire R&D what else is the use? Shouldn’t we pursue in direction which is more evident, definitive in terms of results? Aren’t we missing something in the course of this research? How logical is it to put our potential in this direction?

OTHER CULTURES:

There is wide variety in the culture of us all. There is popular western culture, which is much open-minded. People like to be free, and more of women equality. Having variety of hobbies, most enjoying people are in this culture. There is Eastern culture, where discipline of life is of higher priority, where culture has much to do with religion, each person tightly bond to family. Then there is culture of Middle East. There are many. Simply put together, a deviation from natural way of living is culture and the difference between cultures depends on how they have deviated from natural life. It includes the difference in habitat, talking, food habit, free time habits, life management, and management of emotions.

GOD AND SPIRITS:

How is God? This question is answered in several different ways, according to different beliefs. Though we have not seen Him, we believe Him. It’s the belief that makes us comfortable, particularly in difficult situations. This example may ease definition of God. God is helping. Whatever helps in our life, we never call it God. But we ask God to help. So, God is complementary of what supports us directly. Or, we dont want to define God within any limits. When we see something, which exhibits a characteristic of God, we define it. So, it will sieze to be a part of God. Finally, we dont want to define God, probably because, we dont want to loose belief in unbound capacity of God.

What about spirits and life after death? First we need to define life before death. Presently, I will take your excuse and write it in next posts.

Having answered some questions of my earlier post, I would like to answer an obvious question of yours. After discussing about all these things what are we heading towards? Are we going for some conclusion? Answer is yes, but I don’t want to fill you with the conclusion now only. I want the readers to be unbiased, give objective feedbacks until the end. Let me finish today’s post with this. I will come again. Bye.